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Surgery_Schwartz_14302	Surgery_Schwartz	social media–based journal clubs can overcome barriers associated with traditional journal clubs such as lack of a convenient time and no local clinical or methodological experts. However, they may require more time and commit-ment from the leaders, and they may not be as effective as traditional, in-person, faculty-mo...	Surgery_Schwartz. social media–based journal clubs can overcome barriers associated with traditional journal clubs such as lack of a convenient time and no local clinical or methodological experts. However, they may require more time and commit-ment from the leaders, and they may not be as effective as traditional, in-...
Surgery_Schwartz_14303	Surgery_Schwartz	these materials for improving knowledge, attitudes, skills, and outcomes.8 Social media has become a necessary component of surgical practice.questions, text resources and videos, and self-assessment quizzes. Although improvements in quality examination per-formance among residencies that subscribe to SCORE are prom-is...	Surgery_Schwartz. these materials for improving knowledge, attitudes, skills, and outcomes.8 Social media has become a necessary component of surgical practice.questions, text resources and videos, and self-assessment quizzes. Although improvements in quality examination per-formance among residencies that subscribe to...
Surgery_Schwartz_14304	Surgery_Schwartz	has signifi-cant implications for training surgeons and for evaluating their performance. With regards to training, multiple web-based and virtual reality simulators have been developed that allow resi-dents to practice tasks and skills repetitively at their own pace and on their own time. These simulators can quantify...	Surgery_Schwartz. has signifi-cant implications for training surgeons and for evaluating their performance. With regards to training, multiple web-based and virtual reality simulators have been developed that allow resi-dents to practice tasks and skills repetitively at their own pace and on their own time. These simul...
Surgery_Schwartz_14305	Surgery_Schwartz	skills in the live setting. Web-based assessments have also been used in combination with physical simulators to provide similar metrics.With regards to surgeons in practice, there has been increased enthusiasm for the use of video-based coaching to complement intraoperative teaching. In particular, postopera-tive revi...	Surgery_Schwartz. skills in the live setting. Web-based assessments have also been used in combination with physical simulators to provide similar metrics.With regards to surgeons in practice, there has been increased enthusiasm for the use of video-based coaching to complement intraoperative teaching. In particular, p...
Surgery_Schwartz_14306	Surgery_Schwartz	to proc-tor surgeons in the operating room, even across the globe.Barriers to web-based education include the up-front costs for development and the need for technical expertise. As already noted, web-based education for teaching knowledge may not be more effective than traditional methods. On the other hand, simulatio...	Surgery_Schwartz. to proc-tor surgeons in the operating room, even across the globe.Barriers to web-based education include the up-front costs for development and the need for technical expertise. As already noted, web-based education for teaching knowledge may not be more effective than traditional methods. On the oth...
Surgery_Schwartz_14307	Surgery_Schwartz	websites and web-based applications that enable users to share ideas, information, and Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 218813/02/19 2:37 PM 2189WEB-BASED EDUCATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIACHAPTER 54@Twitteruser1@Twitteruser2A@Twitteruser1@Twitteruser2BFigure 54-2. Social media usage can be (a) unidirectional o...	Surgery_Schwartz. websites and web-based applications that enable users to share ideas, information, and Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 218813/02/19 2:37 PM 2189WEB-BASED EDUCATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIACHAPTER 54@Twitteruser1@Twitteruser2A@Twitteruser1@Twitteruser2BFigure 54-2. Social media usage can be (a...
Surgery_Schwartz_14308	Surgery_Schwartz	with friends and family, social media can also be used for educational and professional purposes. Examples include Twitter-based journal clubs, Facebook-based discussion forums, and professional networking sites such as LinkedIn or ResearchGate. Social media platforms can serve different purposes including social netwo...	Surgery_Schwartz. with friends and family, social media can also be used for educational and professional purposes. Examples include Twitter-based journal clubs, Facebook-based discussion forums, and professional networking sites such as LinkedIn or ResearchGate. Social media platforms can serve different purposes incl...
Surgery_Schwartz_14309	Surgery_Schwartz	microblogging site that, like Facebook, allows exchange of messages and photos but limits messages or tweets to 140 characters or less. Twitter users may have one or two-way relationships with other users. Followers of a user receive all of that person’s tweets in their Twitter feed. YouTube is a social media platform ...	Surgery_Schwartz. microblogging site that, like Facebook, allows exchange of messages and photos but limits messages or tweets to 140 characters or less. Twitter users may have one or two-way relationships with other users. Followers of a user receive all of that person’s tweets in their Twitter feed. YouTube is a soci...
Surgery_Schwartz_14310	Surgery_Schwartz	on social media is one strategy for staying updated. Although conventional media outlets such as newspa-pers and news channels may draw attention to practice-changing studies, social media is another platform by which such infor-mation can be promoted and disseminated by journals. Many surgical journals have an online ...	Surgery_Schwartz. on social media is one strategy for staying updated. Although conventional media outlets such as newspa-pers and news channels may draw attention to practice-changing studies, social media is another platform by which such infor-mation can be promoted and disseminated by journals. Many surgical journa...
Surgery_Schwartz_14311	Surgery_Schwartz	visual abstract, which is a concise pictorial representation of an article’s key points (Fig. 54-3). Recently, a prospective, case-control crossover study was performed whereby tweets about articles from Annals of Surgery were either accompanied by a visual abstract or tweeted with text alone. Accompaniment of a tweet ...	Surgery_Schwartz. visual abstract, which is a concise pictorial representation of an article’s key points (Fig. 54-3). Recently, a prospective, case-control crossover study was performed whereby tweets about articles from Annals of Surgery were either accompanied by a visual abstract or tweeted with text alone. Accompa...
Surgery_Schwartz_14312	Surgery_Schwartz	Treatment BPatients with disease XFigure 54-3. A visual abstract is a graphical summary of the main results of a journal article.Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 218913/02/19 2:37 PM 2190SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONSPART IIJournal ClubsJournals may promote bidirectional flow of information by hosting social media–based journ...	Surgery_Schwartz. Treatment BPatients with disease XFigure 54-3. A visual abstract is a graphical summary of the main results of a journal article.Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 218913/02/19 2:37 PM 2190SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONSPART IIJournal ClubsJournals may promote bidirectional flow of information by hosting social...
Surgery_Schwartz_14313	Surgery_Schwartz	time, or absence of local exper-tise in either the clinical topic or research methodology. Social media–based journal clubs can help to overcome these barriers by allowing for asynchronous discussion and expert moderators. Online journal clubs can be carried out in real time, but they also allow respondents to comment ...	Surgery_Schwartz. time, or absence of local exper-tise in either the clinical topic or research methodology. Social media–based journal clubs can help to overcome these barriers by allowing for asynchronous discussion and expert moderators. Online journal clubs can be carried out in real time, but they also allow respo...
Surgery_Schwartz_14314	Surgery_Schwartz	or diaries, blogs can also be found on professional websites that are updated frequently by a person or group (i.e., by a journal or surgical society). Conversations from journal club discussions can also be compiled and summarized into a transcript either manually or using web-based applications such as Storify. These...	Surgery_Schwartz. or diaries, blogs can also be found on professional websites that are updated frequently by a person or group (i.e., by a journal or surgical society). Conversations from journal club discussions can also be compiled and summarized into a transcript either manually or using web-based applications such...
Surgery_Schwartz_14315	Surgery_Schwartz	by aggregating other online resources relevant to the article 6Consider inviting the authors of the featured article or other experts in the field 7Suggest journal club participants consider using specific Twitter management applications during the Tweet chat 8Engage the participants to cultivate and incentivize more d...	Surgery_Schwartz. by aggregating other online resources relevant to the article 6Consider inviting the authors of the featured article or other experts in the field 7Suggest journal club participants consider using specific Twitter management applications during the Tweet chat 8Engage the participants to cultivate and ...
Surgery_Schwartz_14316	Surgery_Schwartz	journal clubs increase discussion about articles, views of the abstract, and downloads (Fig. 54-4). For example, the International Gen-eral Surgery Journal Club held four moderated discussions of journal articles on Twitter between March and June 2014. The reviewed articles covered topics relating to bariatric surgery ...	Surgery_Schwartz. journal clubs increase discussion about articles, views of the abstract, and downloads (Fig. 54-4). For example, the International Gen-eral Surgery Journal Club held four moderated discussions of journal articles on Twitter between March and June 2014. The reviewed articles covered topics relating to ...
Surgery_Schwartz_14317	Surgery_Schwartz	about seminal articles.While social media–based journal clubs hold much appeal, there is a paucity of data regarding their effectiveness in teach-ing participants about critical appraisal skills. A multicenter randomized trial compared journal clubs moderated by a faculty member to online discussions. Surgical resi-den...	Surgery_Schwartz. about seminal articles.While social media–based journal clubs hold much appeal, there is a paucity of data regarding their effectiveness in teach-ing participants about critical appraisal skills. A multicenter randomized trial compared journal clubs moderated by a faculty member to online discussions....
Surgery_Schwartz_14318	Surgery_Schwartz	appraisal.Live-Tweeting ConferencesTraditionally, surgeons have attended regional and national conferences to network, learn new information relevant to their practice, and exchange ideas. However, with the advent of social media, surgeons no longer have to physically attend a conference to perform all those activities...	Surgery_Schwartz. appraisal.Live-Tweeting ConferencesTraditionally, surgeons have attended regional and national conferences to network, learn new information relevant to their practice, and exchange ideas. However, with the advent of social media, surgeons no longer have to physically attend a conference to perform al...
Surgery_Schwartz_14319	Surgery_Schwartz	(or people posting on Twitter). Impressions refers to each time a message was delivered to a recipient; a recipient may receive the same message more than once. Neither reach nor impressions measure whether the recipient read the tweet. As an example of how reach and impressions can be used to provide metrics for socia...	Surgery_Schwartz. (or people posting on Twitter). Impressions refers to each time a message was delivered to a recipient; a recipient may receive the same message more than once. Neither reach nor impressions measure whether the recipient read the tweet. As an example of how reach and impressions can be used to provide...
Surgery_Schwartz_14320	Surgery_Schwartz	thread to be organized into a cohesive discussion.Interactive Forums and CommunitiesInteractive forums and communities are another method by which both the internet and social media can be used for 5b6Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 219013/02/19 2:37 PM 2191WEB-BASED EDUCATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIACHAPTER 5...	Surgery_Schwartz. thread to be organized into a cohesive discussion.Interactive Forums and CommunitiesInteractive forums and communities are another method by which both the internet and social media can be used for 5b6Brunicardi_Ch54_p2187-p2196.indd 219013/02/19 2:37 PM 2191WEB-BASED EDUCATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF SOC...
Surgery_Schwartz_14321	Surgery_Schwartz	(PDF) downloads. A. Activity during a Twitter-based journal club such as the International General Surgery Journal Club (IGSJC) can be tracked by denoting the journal club related tweets with a hashtag (#IGSJC). Twitter activity increased during each of four journal clubs. B. Daily HTML views and PDF downloads of featu...	Surgery_Schwartz. (PDF) downloads. A. Activity during a Twitter-based journal club such as the International General Surgery Journal Club (IGSJC) can be tracked by denoting the journal club related tweets with a hashtag (#IGSJC). Twitter activity increased during each of four journal clubs. B. Daily HTML views and PDF ...
Surgery_Schwartz_14322	Surgery_Schwartz	and impressions in Twitter. If there are two Twitter users and each has three unique followers and one shared follower, then there are seven unique recipients of their combined tweets. Their total reach is seven unique users. If both users tweet the same message, then one user will have received the message twice. Howe...	Surgery_Schwartz. and impressions in Twitter. If there are two Twitter users and each has three unique followers and one shared follower, then there are seven unique recipients of their combined tweets. Their total reach is seven unique users. If both users tweet the same message, then one user will have received the m...
Surgery_Schwartz_14323	Surgery_Schwartz	12@User15 11@User2 10@User1 9Top 10 by Tweets@User13 103,937@User24 80,956@User4 42,976@User3 40,911@User6 28,966@User41 22,534@User52 14,566@User72 13,514@User35 11,965@User68 9862Top 10 by ImpressionsThe #Surgery Conference In˜uencersFigure 54-6. Example of conference analytics from Healthcare Hashtags (https://www.s...	Surgery_Schwartz. 12@User15 11@User2 10@User1 9Top 10 by Tweets@User13 103,937@User24 80,956@User4 42,976@User3 40,911@User6 28,966@User41 22,534@User52 14,566@User72 13,514@User35 11,965@User68 9862Top 10 by ImpressionsThe #Surgery Conference In˜uencersFigure 54-6. Example of conference analytics from Healthcare Hasht...
Surgery_Schwartz_14324	Surgery_Schwartz	tweeted 13 times but had 103,937 impressions.educational purposes. They are examples of crowdsourcing whereby information is gathered by enlisting the assistance of a large number of participants. Crowdsourcing often involves the general public or a loosely defined group of individuals as opposed to outsourcing, which ...	Surgery_Schwartz. tweeted 13 times but had 103,937 impressions.educational purposes. They are examples of crowdsourcing whereby information is gathered by enlisting the assistance of a large number of participants. Crowdsourcing often involves the general public or a loosely defined group of individuals as opposed to o...
Surgery_Schwartz_14325	Surgery_Schwartz	or issue (i.e., quality improvement and advo-cacy). Members can post and respond to discussion threads that cover a wide range of topics including advice for challenging cases, surgical history, and political issues.An example of a social media–based interactive forum is the International Hernia Collaboration (IHC) whi...	Surgery_Schwartz. or issue (i.e., quality improvement and advo-cacy). Members can post and respond to discussion threads that cover a wide range of topics including advice for challenging cases, surgical history, and political issues.An example of a social media–based interactive forum is the International Hernia Colla...
Surgery_Schwartz_14326	Surgery_Schwartz	Collaborative forums such as the IHC allow for real-time, interactive, case-based, continuing education.Public EducationThe educational opportunities provided by the internet and social media are not limited to healthcare providers. The inter-net and social media are also being increasingly used to educate patients and...	Surgery_Schwartz. Collaborative forums such as the IHC allow for real-time, interactive, case-based, continuing education.Public EducationThe educational opportunities provided by the internet and social media are not limited to healthcare providers. The inter-net and social media are also being increasingly used to ed...
Surgery_Schwartz_14327	Surgery_Schwartz	media–based educational materials cannot be guaranteed, and patients should utilize caution in relying on the information to make important healthcare decisions.PITFALLS IN WEB AND SOCIAL MEDIA–BASED EDUCATIONDespite the many advantages of web and social media–based education, significant potential pitfalls still remai...	Surgery_Schwartz. media–based educational materials cannot be guaranteed, and patients should utilize caution in relying on the information to make important healthcare decisions.PITFALLS IN WEB AND SOCIAL MEDIA–BASED EDUCATIONDespite the many advantages of web and social media–based education, significant potential pi...
Surgery_Schwartz_14328	Surgery_Schwartz	medical students use social networking sites, but only one out of five uses them for educational purposes. Furthermore, lack of utilization can impact educational effectiveness. In the previously mentioned multicenter trial comparing a moderated journal club to an online version, low participation in the Internet journ...	Surgery_Schwartz. medical students use social networking sites, but only one out of five uses them for educational purposes. Furthermore, lack of utilization can impact educational effectiveness. In the previously mentioned multicenter trial comparing a moderated journal club to an online version, low participation in ...
Surgery_Schwartz_14329	Surgery_Schwartz	is limited by poor study methodology, failure to use conceptual frame-works, and lack of adherence to reporting standards. Thus, while the aforementioned features should be considered in designing future web and social media–based educational pro-grams, further evidence-based guidance is needed.Second, the quality of i...	Surgery_Schwartz. is limited by poor study methodology, failure to use conceptual frame-works, and lack of adherence to reporting standards. Thus, while the aforementioned features should be considered in designing future web and social media–based educational pro-grams, further evidence-based guidance is needed.Second...
Surgery_Schwartz_14330	Surgery_Schwartz	trustworthy surgical educational materials on the internet. Healthcare providers should guide patients to reputable websites and to encourage discussion regarding the accuracy of the content.Third, useful dialog and advice about difficult cases must be balanced with ethical considerations surrounding patient con-fident...	Surgery_Schwartz. trustworthy surgical educational materials on the internet. Healthcare providers should guide patients to reputable websites and to encourage discussion regarding the accuracy of the content.Third, useful dialog and advice about difficult cases must be balanced with ethical considerations surrounding ...
Surgery_Schwartz_14331	Surgery_Schwartz	professionalismPosition 1Use of online media can bring significant educational benefits to patients and physicians, but it may also pose ethical challenges. Maintaining trust in the profession and in patient–physician relationships requires that physicians consistently apply ethical principles for preserving the relati...	Surgery_Schwartz. professionalismPosition 1Use of online media can bring significant educational benefits to patients and physicians, but it may also pose ethical challenges. Maintaining trust in the profession and in patient–physician relationships requires that physicians consistently apply ethical principles for pre...
Surgery_Schwartz_14332	Surgery_Schwartz	should be included in the patient’s medical record.Position 4Physicians should consider periodically “self-auditing” to assess the accuracy of information available about them on physician-ranking websites and other sources online.Position 5The reach of the internet and online communications is far and often permanent....	Surgery_Schwartz. should be included in the patient’s medical record.Position 4Physicians should consider periodically “self-auditing” to assess the accuracy of information available about them on physician-ranking websites and other sources online.Position 5The reach of the internet and online communications is far an...
Surgery_Schwartz_14333	Surgery_Schwartz	that patients have consented to have their informa-tion posted anonymously, and that all case-related comments are appropriate and professional. While common sense should be utilized in posting about patient cases, only a few organizations have published guidelines for how to safeguard against potential pitfalls. In 20...	Surgery_Schwartz. that patients have consented to have their informa-tion posted anonymously, and that all case-related comments are appropriate and professional. While common sense should be utilized in posting about patient cases, only a few organizations have published guidelines for how to safeguard against potenti...
Surgery_Schwartz_14334	Surgery_Schwartz	for preserving the relationship, confidentiality, privacy, and respect for persons to online settings and communications.”Fourth, conflicts of interest must be clearly stated. Jour-nals require authors to declare relevant conflicts of interest, but multiple studies suggest that these often go unreported. Simi-larly, co...	Surgery_Schwartz. for preserving the relationship, confidentiality, privacy, and respect for persons to online settings and communications.”Fourth, conflicts of interest must be clearly stated. Jour-nals require authors to declare relevant conflicts of interest, but multiple studies suggest that these often go unreport...
Surgery_Schwartz_14335	Surgery_Schwartz	professional obligation to disclose their conflicts of interest. Furthermore, users of social media content must be aware of the potential for bias introduced by undisclosed conflicts of interest and per-form due diligence in assessing the reliability of the source. Lastly, regulatory bodies and professional organizati...	Surgery_Schwartz. professional obligation to disclose their conflicts of interest. Furthermore, users of social media content must be aware of the potential for bias introduced by undisclosed conflicts of interest and per-form due diligence in assessing the reliability of the source. Lastly, regulatory bodies and profe...
Surgery_Schwartz_14336	Surgery_Schwartz	maintain patient privacy, ensure accuracy of information, and disclose conflicts of interest. Furthermore, surgeons must be aware of unintentional interpretations of messages (i.e., as discriminatory or unprofessional). Multiple studies of health-care providers’ social media sites have identified potentially and clearl...	Surgery_Schwartz. maintain patient privacy, ensure accuracy of information, and disclose conflicts of interest. Furthermore, surgeons must be aware of unintentional interpretations of messages (i.e., as discriminatory or unprofessional). Multiple studies of health-care providers’ social media sites have identified pote...
Surgery_Schwartz_14337	Surgery_Schwartz	54-3Online medical professionalism and educationPOSITIONS ON PROFESSIONALISM IN ONLINE PATIENT AND PHYSICIAN EDUCATION• The Internet can be a powerful tool for education.• Physicians should guide patients to high quality online resources that are accurate and objective. These sites should have peer-reviewed content or ...	Surgery_Schwartz. 54-3Online medical professionalism and educationPOSITIONS ON PROFESSIONALISM IN ONLINE PATIENT AND PHYSICIAN EDUCATION• The Internet can be a powerful tool for education.• Physicians should guide patients to high quality online resources that are accurate and objective. These sites should have peer-re...
Surgery_Schwartz_14338	Surgery_Schwartz	the vignette.• Discussion of frustrations online undermines trust and professionalism and should be avoided.Data from Farnan JM1, Snyder Sulmasy L, Worster BK, et al: Online medical professionalism: patient and public relationships: policy statement from the American College of Physicians and the Federation of State Me...	Surgery_Schwartz. the vignette.• Discussion of frustrations online undermines trust and professionalism and should be avoided.Data from Farnan JM1, Snyder Sulmasy L, Worster BK, et al: Online medical professionalism: patient and public relationships: policy statement from the American College of Physicians and the Fede...
Surgery_Schwartz_14339	Surgery_Schwartz	the effectiveness of these methodologies were assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The majority of studies reported positive effects on these outcomes, although the more rigorous studies (i.e., randomized trials) were less likely to find a positive effect. Online activ-ity (i.e., number of posts or views) w...	Surgery_Schwartz. the effectiveness of these methodologies were assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The majority of studies reported positive effects on these outcomes, although the more rigorous studies (i.e., randomized trials) were less likely to find a positive effect. Online activ-ity (i.e., number of...
Surgery_Schwartz_14340	Surgery_Schwartz	a necessary component of surgery practice.” Given the rapid pace with which technology is advancing and the familiar-ity of the current generation (Generation Z) with the inter-net, surgeons have no choice but to harness the power of the internet and social media or risk being left behind. Many jour-nals are phasing ou...	Surgery_Schwartz. a necessary component of surgery practice.” Given the rapid pace with which technology is advancing and the familiar-ity of the current generation (Generation Z) with the inter-net, surgeons have no choice but to harness the power of the internet and social media or risk being left behind. Many jour-n...
Surgery_Schwartz_14341	Surgery_Schwartz	to sup-plement intraoperative teaching. However, preoperative crowd-sourcing in planning a challenging case or intraoperative video telementoring are other applications of video-based coaching.Future research efforts should focus on identifying the most effective formats and components of web and social media–based edu...	Surgery_Schwartz. to sup-plement intraoperative teaching. However, preoperative crowd-sourcing in planning a challenging case or intraoperative video telementoring are other applications of video-based coaching.Future research efforts should focus on identifying the most effective formats and components of web and soci...